1991 West Virginia derecho
34°48′N 92°12′W / 34.8°N 92.2°W
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The 1991 West Virginia derecho was a serial derecho (storm) that started in Arkansas in the early morning hours of April 9, 1991, and made its way northeast, finally dying out over Pennsylvania late that evening.
It was the worst severe weather event for West Virginia since the 1974 Super Outbreak.[1]
Description
[edit]Two people were killed and 145 were injured in the event, mainly from falling trees, flying debris, and mobile homes and trailers being overturned.[2] Western and central West Virginia were affected by hail and several roads were blocked.[3] [4]
Most of the destructive damage occurred in Tennessee, Kentucky, West Virginia, western Maryland, and Western Pennsylvania. The fatalities associated with this storm occurred in Charleston, West Virginia and Huntington, West Virginia as a result of the high winds.[3]
Damage claims
[edit]In West Virginia alone, there were 8,000 insurance damage claims for homes and businesses. More than 200,000 people lost power in the derecho. Many people experienced flickering lights and power surges. This derecho was the worst severe weather event for West Virginia since the 1974 Super Outbreak.[5]
What is a Derecho?
[edit]There are several criteria for a mesoscale convective system (MCS) to be considered a derecho. The system needs to have sustained winds of 58 mph, and stretch along a boundary at least 250 miles long (400 miles since 2022). There must also be isolated wind gusts of 75 mph or greater.
Formation of a Derecho
[edit]- There needs to be sufficient convective available potential energy (CAPE) in the atmosphere for several thunderstorm cells to form.
- There needs to be sufficient inflow of air in the lower atmosphere, with strong upper level divergence in the upper atmosphere.
- There needs to be an elevated mixed layer leading to a rapid decrease in temperature with height.
- There needs to be high values of vertical wind shear (45 mph or greater) in the lowest 5 kilometers of the atmosphere.
- The system usually has a bow echo type of shape.
This is a rather simplified list of conditions needed to form a derecho. However, when all of these conditions occur simultaneously in the atmosphere, a derecho storm system has the potential to form.
See also
[edit]- List of derecho events
- June 2012 North American derecho
- Tornado outbreak and derecho of April 1–3, 2024 - another significant derecho event in West Virginia that took place in April 33 years later.
References
[edit]- ^ The West Virginia Derecho of 1991
- ^ "The West Virginia Derecho of 1991". www.spc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2017-05-03.
- ^ a b "High winds kill 2 in west virginia". Chicago Tribune. April 10, 1991.
- ^ Fitzwater, Joe. "A Look Back: April 9th, 1991 – The Great West Virginia Derecho". wowktv.com. WOWK 13 News. Retrieved December 8, 2024.
- ^ The West Virginia Derecho of 1991
External links
[edit]- 1991 meteorology
- Derechos in the United States
- Natural disasters in Arkansas
- Natural disasters in Tennessee
- Natural disasters in West Virginia
- Natural disasters in Pennsylvania
- Natural disasters in Kentucky
- Natural disasters in Maryland
- 1991 natural disasters in the United States
- 1991 in West Virginia
- April 1991 events in the United States